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  01.25.24 New Article: A.L.Gurskii Laboratory Power Supply Unit – Variant of Implementation.
  01.25.24 ORCAD library update.
  08.06.23 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Headphone amplifier without common feedback.
  07.14.23 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Laboratory high voltage stabilizer.
  01.27.23 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Charging module for hel battery.
  10.02.22 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Filter choke for high voltage rectifier.
  09.14.22 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Parallel High Voltage Regulator.
  03.07.21 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Measuring filter.
  12.24.20 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Simple tube MM equalizer. Part 2.
  12.07.20 New Article: Eugene Karpov. DDS generator FY8300 - upgrade.
  06.25.19 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Simple tube MM equalizer.
  03.21.19 New Article: Eugene Karpov. CRYSTAL SOLID - RIAA equalizer on FETs without feedback.
  11.18.18 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Hybrid tube. Part 2.
  11.04.18 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Hybrid tube.
  03.01.18 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Hybrid stabilizer.
  02.02.16 New Article: Eugene Karpov. LDO Power Regulator.
  01.30.16 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  01.17.15 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  06.21.14 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Ultralinear mode of Pentode in the pre-amplifier stage. Part 2.
  02.02.14 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Hybrid amplifier.
  02.28.13 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Hybrid RIAA equalizer for the MM cartridge.
  12.06.12 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  04.04.12 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Equalized single-end output stage. Part 2.
  03.05.12 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  12.25.11 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Improved SE driver.
  09.03.11 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Equalized single-end output stage.
  05.06.11 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Analogue ultralinear mode in the output stage.
  03.01.11 New Vacuum tube library for MSIM-10.
  03.01.11 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  01.09.11 New Article: Eugene Karpov. A powerful driver.
  12.13.10 Eugene Karpov. Parameters of soviet electrical steel. (English version)
  12.09.10 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Simple vacuum tube equalizer. Crystal start.
  11.27.10 New Article: Manley Shrimp modification. (Epilogue)
  08.27.10 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Parameters of soviet electrical steel.
  07.03.10 New Article: Manley Shrimp modification.
  06.14.10 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Vacuum tube equalizer Cristal Light.
  06.05.10 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Electronic choke.
  03.10.10 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Ultralinear mode of Pentode in the pre-amplifier stage.
  09.11.09 Eugene Karpov. A high accuracy inverse eRIAA filter. (English version)
  11.02.09 New Section of Site "Gallery"
  10.20.09 New Article: Manley 50 Watt Mono - improvement. Part 2.
  10.16.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Vacuum tube equalizer Cristal Part 2.
  08.11.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Vacuum tube equalizer Cristal Part 1.
  06.13.09 New Article: Manley 50 Watt Mono - improvement.
  05.08.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. A high accuracy inverse eRIAA filter.
  04.09.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Tube noise (Experimental data).
  03.28.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. HAM LINE REDUCE.
  03.01.09 Adding to the article of Eugene Karpov "Princess.".
  02.17.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Princess. The high power SE amplifier. Part 2.
  01.22.09 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Princess. The high power SE amplifier. Part 1.
  05.22.08 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The push-pull power amplifier.
  05.20.08 Adding to the article of Eugene Karpov "Cinderella".
  03.20.08 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Cinderella. The power SE amplifier with the 6S33S output tube.
  03.04.08 New revision of Micro-Cap 6,7 library.
  03.04.08 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  02.20.08 Adding to the article of Eugene Karpov "The adjustable high voltage regulator".
  01.17.08 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Cyclotron. The power amplifier with GU-50 output tubes.
  12.17.07 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The adjustable high voltage regulator.
  07.30.07 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The solid-state amplifier with tube sound.
  06.18.07 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  03.21.07 The program for calculation of the SE transformer. New version.
  03.06.07 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The driver stage.
  03.16.07 The Transformers library for ORCAD.
  03.16.07 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  01.16.07 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  11.29.06 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  11.15.06 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  11.06.06 New Article: Eugene Karpov, Alex Naydenko. Horn. Part II.
  09.02.06 New Article: Eugene Karpov, Alex Naydenko. Crossover.
  08.31.06 The program for calculation of the SE transformer. New version.
  08.28.06 New Article: Eugene Karpov. SOLAR-HEAT COLLECTOR (In Russian)
  07.29.06 Experimental Data and Model: 6S4S.
  07.24.06 The program for calculation of the SE transformer. New version.
  06.29.06 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The stabilized power supply for tube amplifier.
  04.17.06 New Core library for ORCAD.
  04.17.06 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  04.17.06 New revision of Micro-Cap 6,7 library.
  01.24.06 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Simple SE end SSE amplifiers of the increased power.
  01.03.06 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  01.03.06 New revision of Micro-Cap 6,7 library.
  11.07.05 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The Linear Amplifier. (full version)
  09.01.05 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The chassis for tube device.
  05.30.05 New Article: Eugene Karpov. FAQ.
  05.18.05 Russian version of article: Daniel H. Cheever. A new methodology for audio frequency power amplifier testing ...
  04.22.05 Experimental Data and Model: 6S19P.
  03.04.05 New Article: Eugene Karpov.The Linear Amplifier.
  01.24.05 The new programs adapted for MATLAB 7
  01.24.05 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  12.28.04 Experimental Data and Model: 6N2P.
  12.27.04 New revision of Micro-Cap 6,7 library.
  12.06.04 The program SECalcS for MATLAB 7
  12.06.04 New version of tube library for ORCAD.
  12.06.04 New revision of Micro-Cap 6,7 library.
  12.06.04 Experimental Data and Model: 6N27P.
  11.08.04 New Article: Eugene Karpov. Mice and Cats.
  08.23.04 Update of the Remember page (patents): W.S. Bachmen, 1942. TONE CONTROL MEANS
  06.21.04 The extended vacuum tube library for ORCAD.
  06.07.04 New Article: Eugene Karpov, Alex Naydenko. The sketch about low frequencies. Part 1
  05.05.04 New Program: Anatoly Kotlevets. The program for calculation of the SE transformer.
  04.13.04 New Article: Eugene Karpov, Alex Naydenko. Manufacturing of a horn for acoustic system.
  03.15.04 New Article: Daniel H. Cheever. A new methodology for audio frequency power amplifier testing based on psychoacoustic data that better correlates with sound quality.
  03.01.04 Experimental Data and Model: 6S6B.
  02.21.04 New Article: Eugene Karpov. The power supply with low ripple and noise.
  02.16.04 Update of the Remember page (patents): W. VAN B. Roberts,1939. TONE CONTROL CIRCUIT.
  01.19.04 Update of the Remember page (patents): Dennis L. Kager, 1986. CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR VARYING POWER OUTPUT OF PUSH-PULL TUBE AMPLIFIERS.
  12.29.03 Article: "The capacitors for filters of acoustic systems." Corrected version.
  12.26.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov, Alex Naydenko. The capacitors for filters of acoustic systems.
  12.15.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): J.R. Banker, 1943. FEED BACK CIRCUITS.
  11.24.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): E.L.C. White, 1944. LINE AMPLIFIER FOR HIGQ-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC SIGNALS SUCH AS TELEVISION SIGNALS.
  11.10.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Menno van der Veen, 2000. POWER TRANSFORMER WITH INTERNAL DIFFERENTIAL MODE DISTORTION CANCELLATION.
  10.20.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): E.H. Krohn, 1963. POWER AMPLIFIER.
  09.29.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov "Spectra II"
  09.15.03 New Article: Nicholas Pryor "Improving The Cross-Coupled Inverter."
  09.08.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): R.P. Clements, 1957. DIRECT COUPLED FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER.
  07.31.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov "The Hybrid World" Part 2.
  05.05.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov "The Hybrid World"
  04.29.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): C.T. Hall, 1956. DIRECT COUPLED POWER AMPLIFIERS.
  04.21.03 Add to the DataSheets page: 6g7.
  04.21.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Ralph R. Karsten, 2001. AMPLIFIER AND PREAMPLIFIER CIRCUIT.
  04.14.03 Update of the Remember page (examples): Peavey Power Module.
  04.14.03 New revision of Micro-Cap 6,7 library
  04.07.03 Experimental Data and Model: 6N3P
  04.07.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Randall C. Smith, 1996. VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIER WITH SELECTABLE POWER DEVICES.
  03.31.03 Add to the DataSheets page: 6g2.
  03.31.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Aado J. Perandi, 1991. Vacuum tube and MOSFET transimpedance amplifier.
  03.24.03 Add to the DataSheets page: 6g1.
  03.24.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): David W. Berning, 1976. Audio amplifier.
  03.11.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Transformer-coupled amplifier.
  03.03.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov "SSE - Symmetrical Single-Ended Stages."
  02.24.03 Update of the Remember page (books)- "Use of tubes."
  02.24.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Hybrid solid state/vacuum tube audio amplifier.
  02.17.03 Add to the DataSheets page: The constructive dimensions and design parameters of magnetic cores manufactured in USSR.
  02.17.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Thermionic valve amplifier circuit arrangements.
  02.10.03 Add to the DataSheets page: The constructive dimensions and design parameters of magnetic cores manufactured in USSR.
  02.10.03 Update of the Remember page (patents): Vacuum tube audio amplifying circuit.
  02.03.03 Add to the DataSheets page: The constructive dimensions and design parameters of magnetic cores manufactured in USSR.
  01.27.03 Add to the DataSheets page: 6n30p-dr.
  01.27.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov "Spectra"
  01.20.03 Add to the DataSheets page: The constructive dimensions and design parameters of magnetic cores manufactured in USSR.
  01.13.03 Add to the DataSheets page: The constructive dimensions and design parameters of magnetic cores manufactured in USSR.
  01.13.03 New Article: Eugene Karpov "The SE amplifier with a current source."
  01.04.03 Update of the Remember page (examples): Peri-50 Power Amplifier.
  01.04.03 Add to the DataSheets page: The constructive dimensions and design parameters of magnetic cores manufactured in USSR.
  12.23.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Vacuum tube differential preamplifier having a transformer with a center tap.
  12.19.02 New Article: Eugene Karpov "The simple high-voltage regulator."
  12.16.02 Add to the DataSheets page: 6n27p.
  12.16.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Linear high-voltage drive stage and cathode-follower high-fidelity power amplifier implementing same.
  12.09.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Tube amplifier having specific configuration with four tubes.
  12.09.02 Add to the DataSheets page: gu-32.
  12.02.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Output transformerless amplifier impedance matching apparatus.
  12.02.02 Add to the DataSheets page: 6s45p-e.
  12.02.02 Update of the Remember page (examples): The Economic, Direct Coupling Amplifier.
  11.25.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Electron tube power output circuit for low impedance loads.
  11.25.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Balanced circuit for radio apparatus.
  11.18.02 Update of the Remember page (examples): DC Amplifier.
  11.18.02 Add to the DataSheets page: 6p1p, 6p21s.
  11.11.02 New Article: Menno Van Der Veen "New Push-Pull Tube Amplifiers"
  11.04.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Volume Control.
  11.04.02 Update of the Remember page (examples): The stabilized bias source.
  10.28.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Ultra Linear Amplifiers.
  10.21.02 Library update: Micro-Cap 6,7.
  10.21.02 Experimental Data and Model: 6F5P.
  10.21.02 Add to the DataSheets page: 12p17l.
  10.14.02 Update of the Remember page (examples): Regulable source.
  10.14.02 Update of the Remember page (books)- "Power Supply Filters for Low Frequency Amplifiers."
  10.07.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Wide-Band amplifier coupling circuit.
  10.07.02 Add to the DataSheets page: 06s57a.
  09.30.02 Update of the Remember page (books)- "Noble metal's solders"
  09.30.02 Add to the DataSheets page: 30p1s.
  09.23.02 Update of the Remember page (examples): The noise level measurement of a tube.
  09.23.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Balanced circuit for radio apparatus.
  09.16.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Electrical System For Ultralinear Amplifier.
  09.16.02 Update of the Remember page (examples): The broad-band, differential amplifier (0 - 10 MHz).
  09.09.02 Volin M., "Spurious Couplings and External Disturbances" (Chapter 3)
  09.02.02 Experimental Data and Model: 6N13S
  09.02.02 Update of the Remember page (patents): Audio Transformer.
  09.02.02 Update of the Remember page (examples)
  08.27.02 Update of the Remember page (books)- "Calculation of a internal capacitances of transformer."
  08.19.02 New Article: Menno Van Der Veen "Theory and Practise of Wide Bandwidth Toroidal Output Transformers"
  08.12.02 Update of the Remember page (books)- "Leakage inductance calculation"
  08.05.02 Update of the Remember page (books)- "Designing of electronic voltage regulators (theory and examples)"

This page is dedicated to the science, art and passion that goes into the design of vacuum tube audio amplifiers. Though solid-state devices have superseded vacuum tubes for all practical purposes, in this area their positions are still unbeatable. It's not only a charm of a filament shrouded in glass, but also objective characteristics that filament amplifiers provide for producing a surprisingly natural and pleasant sound.

The technologies of manufacturing vacuum tubes are outside of our competence. Nevertheless, the application of modern methods of design and analysis are well within an area of our expertise. On this page we shall attempt to create a form for the advancement of engineering competence and showcase for the best achievements of vacuum tube engineering combined with the power of computing and modern measurement equipment.

It is well known that changing activity is the best way to relax. Sometimes in the evening, it is surprisingly pleasant to put aside a high-tech PC, turn-on an old-fashioned vacuum tube audio, and sink into the world of slow and bulky devices.

Therefore, read the texts, change for retro, try the vacuum tubes, and enjoy.

Eugene Karpov